What? Performance enhancers? For decades athletes and non-athletes have been using performance-enhancing drugs/supplements> However most of the time the news flash comes when a competitive athlete is caught using banned hormonal & non-hormonal substances. They can be broadly classified as: Stimulants Prescription medications Blood buffers Nutritional supplements Energy beverages STIMULANTS They are both physical and cognitive performance enhancers. Beneficial effects include increase in: Energy level, Endurance, Anaerobic performance, r Reaction time, Concentration, and alertness. Adverse effects include Headache, Nausea, Insomnia, Anxiety, Tremor, Agitation, Panic attacks, Hypertension, and tachycardia. Rarely, stimulants may cause myocardial ischemia, stroke, psychosis, heatstroke, or rhabdomyolysis. While many stimulants (eg, methylhexana...